What is the main cause of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is primarily caused by Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV-1). This viral infection commonly occurs in children, leading to inflammation of the gingiva and mucosal tissues in the mouth. The clinical manifestation includes painful sores, blister-like lesions, and significant discomfort, all characteristic of this condition.

Herpes Simplex Virus I is typically transmitted through direct contact with infected saliva or lesions. It is worth noting that while Herpes Simplex Virus II (HSV-2) is often associated with genital herpes, it can also cause oral infections; however, HSV-1 remains the principal etiological agent for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus, while both belonging to the herpesvirus family and causing different types of diseases, are not responsible for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Their clinical presentations differ significantly from those associated with HSV-1 infections, further supporting why HSV-1 is the recognized cause of this specific condition.